The results showed that diazepam alone does not reduce the effects of chloroquine on the heart, but it does improve cardiac function when used in combination with adrenaline – another drug used in the management of chloroquine toxicity. Research by Professor Dyfrig Hughes, co-directs the Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, School of Health Sciences, involved experimental models of chloroquine toxicity and studies of the effects of diazepam. However, it is not known whether diazepam is effective or how it works in this context. Recent evaluations of the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19 have confirmed their toxic effects on the heart.Ĭurrent recommendations for the management of toxicity include the drug, diazepam. Several cases of overdose have been reported, resulting in death in some instances. However, both drugs are poisonous in high dose. 1 As the pretreatment dose of ILE was increased, the dose of bupivacaine required to induce asystole also increased.
The Food and Drug Administration authorised their emergency use in the USA, and clinical guidelines have made recommendations for their use in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 across many countries. Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) was first reported as a potential antidote in 1998 in an in vivo rat model of bupivacaine local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). Research by Bangor University’s Professor Dyfrig Hughes has provided important evidence on the safety of treatments that are being tested for use in COVID-19.Ĭhloroquine, an old drug developed for treating malaria, and hydroxychloroquine, a related drug used in autoimmune diseases, are being used as potential treatments for COVID-19.
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